在复合句中 , 修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句, 被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词 , 引导定语从句的有关系代词 who, whom, whose, which, that等和关系副词where, when, why等 , 关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成份。
1、由who引导的定语从句中 , who用作主语 , 如 : This is the boy who often helps me。
2、由whom引导的定语从句中,whom用作宾语,如:The man whom you are waiting for has gone home。
3、由whose引导的定语从句中 , whose用作定语 , 如 : Do you know the girl whose skirt is white?
4、由which引导的定语从句中,which用作主语或谓语动词的宾语或介词的宾语,如:
The room in which there is a machine is a work shop。
The river which is in front of my house is very clean。
This is the pen which you want。
5、由that引导的定语从句中,that可以指人或物,在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语,但不能放在介词后面作介词宾语,如:
The book that I bought yesterday was written by Lu Xun。
6、由when, where, why引导的定语从句,如:
I don't know the reason why he was late。
7、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
(1)限制性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分,主句和从句之间不用逗号分开。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, of which等,这些关系代词都不能省略。
(2)非限制性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明 , 没有这种从句 , 不影响主句意思的完整 , 一般用逗号把主句和从句分开 , 关系代词用 which,不用that;指人时可用who,如 : I have two brothers, who are both students。
8、如何简化定语从句
(1).定语从句简化为形容词或形容词短语作后置定语。如:
My grandfather lives in a village that is far away from here。
(2) 定语从句简化为现在分词或现在分词短语作前置或后置定语。
The man who is standing under the tree is our English teacher。
扩展资料
注意在下面几种情况下必须用 that引导定语从句。
(1)先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等 , 如 :
All that we have to do is to practise English。
(2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,如
The first letter that I got from him will be kept。
(3)先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰 , 如
I've eaten up all the food that you gave me。
(4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时如
He is the only person that I want to talk with。
(5)先行词既有人又有物时,如:
They talked about persons and things that they met。
(6)当句中已有who时 , 为避免重复 , 如 : Who is the man that is giving us the
class?
参考资料来源:百度百科-定语从句
定语从句,又称为关系从句,顾名思义在句中有着修饰限定的作用,可修饰单一的词(名词或代词),也可修饰一个句子。其中被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词,定语从句由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引导,被定语从句修饰的词叫作先行词。
关系代词:who, which, who, whom, whose
关系副词:when, where, why, how
关系词的作用:除引导从句外,还代替先行词在从句中充当一定的成分,如主语,宾语,定语,状语等。
1. 关系代词引导的定语从句
1.1 关系代词的作用:
关系代词可以代替指人和物的先行词,在从句起主语,宾语,定语的作用。
A. Where was the man who(that) had made a great progress in studying archaeology.
在研究考古学方面取得伟大成就的人在哪?(who或that 引导的从句在句中作主语)
B.The woman whom(that) you met is our teacher.
你刚才看到的那个女士是我们的老师。(whom或that yin引导的从句在句中作宾语)
C.She had brought these flowers which(that) died at last year.
她买的这些花儿在去年都凋谢了。(which或that引导的从句)
D.Is there someone whose booklet have lost in library.
有谁的手册落在图书馆了吗?(whose引导的从句作定语)
2. 关系副词引导的定语从句
2.1 关系副词的作用
关系副词代替句中的先行词,在句中起时间,地点,原因状语的作用。关系副词有时也相当于介词+which结构
A.The city where(in which) a new building is going to be built.
这座城市将有一个新的建筑被修建。(where引导定语从句修饰the city)
B.He wants to know the reason why(for which)he failed in the game.
他想知道为什么他会在比赛中失败的原因。(why引导定语从句修饰the reason)
C.We arrived there at evening(when)the store closed.
我们在店铺打烊的晚上到了。(when引导定语)
3. 非限定性定语从句
3.1限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句的区别
限定性定语从句不用逗号和主句分开,是对先行词的补充说明,不能删除。
非限定性定语从句可以用逗号分开,删除以后句子意思完整。例如:
A.He own a house which has a swimming pool, actually.
事实上,他拥有一个有着游泳池的房子。(限定性)
B.He own a house,which has a swimming pool, actually.
事实上,他拥有一个房子,这个房子带有游泳池。(非限定性)
3.AS引导的定语从句
4. as引导非限定性定语从句,可放在主句之前或之后。
A.He is from China,as I know from his accent.
正如我从他的口音得知,他来自中国。
定语 从句由关系词(关系代词、关系副词)引导,关系代词、关系副词位于定语从句句首。