定语从句中引导词的用法

怎么区分that which who whom whose what as when where ?

定语从句中关系代词的使用

⒈ 如果修饰人,一般用关系代词who, whom, whose 或that。在定语从句中作主语的一般用who或that, 作宾语的一般用whom, who或that, 作定语并具有物主性质的用whose。(在定语从句中作宾语的关系代词可省略)
   如:
   ①I don’t like people who/that get angry easily.
   我不喜欢容易发脾气的人。
   ( 关系代词who/ that在定语从句中作主语,不可省略)
   ②Here is the man (whom/ who/ that) you want to see.
   这就是你想见的人。
   ( 关系代词whom/ who/ that在定语从句中作宾语,可以省略)
   ③Is there anyone in your class whose home is in the northeast?
   你班上有谁家在东北的?
   ( 关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语,不能省略)

  注意:用who 还是whom ,完全根据它们本身在定语从句中的地位和作用而定,与先行词在主句中的作用无关。尤其要注意在带有插入语的定语从句中who和whom的选用。
   如:
   ①The person who sent the letter had to pay the postage.
   寄信人要付邮资。
   ( who sent the letter是定语从句,修饰person, who在定语从句中作主语,因此用主格)
   ②He is a man who I believe is honest.
   他是一个我认为诚实的人。
   ( I believe是插入语,去掉该插入语剩下的便是He is a man who is honest,在语法及句意上都能成立,who是定语从句中动词is的主语,故用主格,不用宾格whom.)

⒉ 如果修饰事物,用关系代词which 和that,作宾语时可省略。作介词宾语时,如果介词位于关系代词之前,则用which (不能省) ,而不用that(关系代词that既能代人,又能代物)。whose也可用来指物(此时可用of which来代替),在定语从句中作定语。
   如:
   ①Don’t buy tomatoes that/ which are green.
   不要买颜色还是青的西红柿。
   ( that/ which 在定语从句中作主语,不能省)
   ②The fish (that/ which) they sell are not fresh.
   他们卖的鱼不新鲜。
   ( that/ which 在定语从句中作宾语,可以省)
   ③The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
   = The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
   门坏了的那个教室将很快修理。
   ④The tool with which he is working is called a saw.
   =The tool (that/ which) he is working is called a saw.
   他干活用的那个工具叫叫锯。
   (介词with位于关系代词之前,须用which,不能省,也不能用that)
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