by”后面分别加：
一、by+地点名词。表方位，意为：“在…旁边”。
二、by+时间名词。意为：“到…时（已发生某事）。
三、by+名词。可用来表方法、方式、手段等。
四、四、by+数量词。表升降、增减的程度。
五、by+身体部位名词或衣服名词。表示被抓住身体/衣物的某一部分，常与动词catch/seize/take/hold/grab等连用。
1、Doctors are complaining about being barraged by drug-company salesmen.
医生们抱怨他们疲于应付医药公司的销售人员。
2、He was hand-picked for this job by the Admiral.
他是由海军上将精心挑选出来担任这项工作的。
3、Barry had his nose put out of joint by Lucy's aloof sophistication.
露西的冷淡与世故使得巴里十分不快。
4、The feast was served by his mother and sisters...
这顿美餐是他母亲和他的姐妹们准备的。
5、I was amazed by their discourtesy and lack of professionalism...
他们的无礼和不专业让我震惊。