急！！英文翻译（英文好的，一点也不难）正在写论文，英文文献还有一些没有译出。帮个忙吧！

Question

注：请不要用翻译软件译，一点也不准。
As the previous discussion points out, the complexity of both brand offerings and marketing communication options has significantly increased on recent years. A number of competitive challenges now exist for marketers. Some critics feel that the reaction by many marketers has been ineffective or, even worse, has further aggravated the problem. The remaining chapters present theories, models, and frameworks that accommodate and reflect these new developments in order to provide useful managerial guidelines and suggest promising new directions for future thought and research. In particular, a common denominator or unified conceptual framework based on the concept of brand equity is introduced as a tool to interpret the potential effects of various brand strategies.
One of the most popular and potentially important marketing concepts to arise in the 1980s was the concept of brand equity. The emergence of brand equity however, has meant both good news and bad news to marketers. The good news is that it has raised the importance of the brand on marketing strategy, which heretofore had been relatively neglected, and provided focus for managerial interest and research activity. The bad news is that the concept has been defined a number of different ways for a number of different purposes, resulting in some confusion and even frustration with the term. Through it all, no common viewpoint has emerged as to how brand equity should be conceptualized and measured.
Fundamentally, branding is about endowing products and services with the power of brand equity. Although a number of different specific views of brand equity may prevail, most observers are in agreement that brand equity should be defined in terms of marketing effects that are uniquely attributable to a brand. That is, brand equity relates to the fact that different outcomes result from the marketing of a product or service because of its brand than if that same product or service had not been identified by that brand. As a stark example of the transformational power of branding, consider the following.
Branding is all about creating differences. Most marketing observers also aggress with the following basic principles of branding and brand equity:
1. Differences in outcomes arise from the “added value” endowed to a product as a result of past marketing activity for the brand.
2. This value can be created for a brand in many different ways.
3. Brand equity provides a common denominator for interpreting marketing strategies and assessing the value of a brand.
4. There are many different ways in which the value of a brand can be manifested or exploited to benefit the firm (i.e., in terms of greater proceeds or lower costs or both).

Answer 1

因为以前的讨论指出，品牌报价和销售通讯选择的复杂性已经显著在近年增加。 许多具有竞争性的挑战现在为销售商存在。 一些批评家感到通过很多销售商的反应无效，或者更坏，已经更进一步加剧问题。 再 maining章提出理论， 模型， 以及为了提供有用的经理的指南并且为将来的想法和研究建议有希望的新方向适应并且反映出的框架这些新发展。 尤其， 基于品牌公平的概念的一个共同分母或者统一的基本概念被作为解释各种各样的品牌策略的潜在的效应的一件工具介绍。
在20世纪80年代出现的最受欢迎和潜在重要的营销概念的一是品牌公平的概念。 品牌公平的出现但是，已经把好消息和坏消息意味着给销售商。 好消息是， 它已经关于销售策略提高品牌的重要性，迄今为止已经被相对忽视，和为经理的兴趣和研究活动集中。 坏消息是概念已经被为许多不同的目的把定义为许多不同的方式， 随着时期导致一些混乱和甚至挫折。 通过它全部，关于品牌公平应该怎样是概念化和合标准的，没有普通观点已经出现。
基本上，指责将赋予产品和服务品牌公平的能力。 虽然品牌公平的许多不同的具体的意见可能流行， 大多数观察者同意品牌公平应该被就唯一可归因于一个品牌的销售影响而言确定。 那是， 品牌公平与事实有关， 因为它的品牌与如果那种相同的产品或者服务没被那个品牌鉴定相比，那不同的结果起因于一种产品或者服务的销售。 作为一个指责的转换的能力的僵硬的例子，考虑如下内容。
指责都与建立差别有关。 大多数销售观察者此外与指责和品牌公平的下列基本原理一起侵入：
1.结果的差别由于为品牌的过去销售活动对一种产品起因于dded valueendowed。
2.这价值可能被用很多不同的方式为一个品牌建立。
3.品牌公平为解释销售策略并且确定一个品牌的价值提供一个共同分母。
4.有很多不同路在哪个那些价值的品牌的可能被证明或者被利用获益坚定的( 即,就更大的收入或者更低的费用或者两个而言)。