所有时态的被动语态和主动语态

Question

如题所述

Answer 1

一、语态的分类

错误表达：Some people think that old buildingsshould preserve.

正确表达：Some people think that old buildings should be preserved.

有些人认为老建筑应该被保护。

错误表达忽视了主语和谓语间的被动关系，是我们中文口头语中经常会犯的错误，我们会说“老建筑应该保护”，其实正确的表达应该是“老建筑应该被保护”。我们要注意不能盲目根据中文口头语进行翻译。

语态分为主动语态和被动语态：

1. 主动语态即我们中文中的“把”字句（把、使）

2. 被动语态即我们中文中的被”字句（被、受、由）

被动语态的公式：

主语+ be done +（by sb.）

这里的done是过去分词，为非谓语动词（女朋友），前面的be动词是辅助动词（结婚证），辅助do构成被动语态，be动词+done共同构成句子的谓语动词。

二、语态和时态的结合

1. 一般状态下的被动语态

·一般过去时中，be动词需要转化为过去式was或were。

2. 进行状态下的被动语态

进行时态中，谓语动词结构为be动词+being+done，译成“正在被……”

3. 完成状态下的被动语态

完成时态中，谓语动词结构为have/has/had been done，被动语态的时态体现在have的变化上。

总结上述内容，不同时态下的被动语态形式为：

be done 被做（一般状态）

is being done 正在被做（进行状态）

have been done 已经被完成（完成状态）

have been doing 已经一直再做（完成进行状态）

典例精讲：

1. I can’t understand what the book is about because it in English.

A. writes B. will write C. will be written D. is written

答案：D

解析：这题考察被动语态。Write和主语it（the book）构成被动关系，排除A和B。这个句子表达的是一般现在时，排除C，选D。句子意思：我看不懂这本书讲的什么，因为这本书是用英文写的。

2. Our teacher says that the classroom must every day.

A．clean B. will clean C. be cleaning D. be cleaned

答案：D

解析：这题考察被动语态。Clean和主语the classroom构成被动关系，排除A和B，C选项的进行时的结构，所以选D。句子意思：我们老师说教室必须每天都得打扫。

3. -Can I have my mobile phone back? I need it now.

-Ok, here it is. It just before you arrived.

A．mended B. is mended C. was mended D. mending

答案：C

解析：这题考察被动语态。Mend和主语it（mobile phone）构成被动关系，排除D，这个句子的时间状语是过去时，所以谓语动词也要用过去时，选C。句子意思：-能把我的手机还给我吗？我现在需要用-好的，给你。你来之前正在修它呢。

4. The girl was often heard happily in her room.

A．sing B. to sing C. singing D. sings

答案：B

解析：这题考察被动语态。一些连系动词接省略to的不定式做宾语补足语时，变成被动语态需要将to补上去，hear sb sing需变为sb be heard to sing，选B。句子意思：那个女孩经常被别人听到在房间里开心地唱歌。

5. Don’t worry. All the children by the nurses.

A．are taken good care B. take good care of

C. are taken good care of D. take good care

答案：C

解析：这题考察被动语态，take good care of和主语children构成被动关系，所以排除B和D。照顾好某人短语为take good care of ，of不能省略，选C。句子意思：不要担心。所有孩子都被护士照顾得很好。

Answer 2

动词的语态
语态也是动词的一种形式,英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,而被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者.
1)We use electricity to run machines. (主动语态)
2)Electricity is used to run machines. (被动语态)
1.不能用于被动语态的动词和短语
(1)在英语中,不及物动词不能用于被动语态,但有些不及物动词(包括短语)容易引起误用.如：appear, belong, belong, die, escape, fall, happen, last, remain, succeed, occur, come true, take place, consist of.
(2)某些表示状态或特征的及物动词,如：become, contain, cost, fit, have, resemble, suit也没有被动语态.
2.被动语态的时态形式
常用的被动语态有表1所列的几种时态形式.
表1
时?SPAN lang=EN-US> 一般时 进行时 完成时
现在 am asked am being asked
is asked is being asked
are asked are being asked
过去
was be asked was being asked
were be asked were being asked
将来 shall be asked shall have been asked
will be asked will have been asked
过去 should be asked should have been asked
将来 would be asked would have been asked
3.短语动词的被动语态
短语动词转换为被动语态时,通常被看作是一个动词,后面的介词或副词不能拆开或省略.例如：
1)So far no correct conclusion has arrived at.
2)All the rubbish should be got rid of.
4.“get + -ed分词”的被动语态
“get + -ed分词”结构强调动作的结果,而非动作本身,常用来表示突发性的,出乎意料的偶然事件.例如：
The boy got hurt on his way home from work.
另外,“get + -ed分词”还可用于谈论为自己做的事,是主动的行为而不是被动的行为.例如：
get dressed(穿衣服) get divorced(离婚)
get engaged(订婚) get confused(迷惑不解)
get lost(迷路) get washed(洗脸)
get married(结婚)
5.能带两个宾语和复合宾语的动词改为被动语态
(1)能带两个宾语的动词改为被动语态时,一次只能由一个宾语作主语,另一个宾语被保留下来.例如：
1)We showed the visitors our new products.(主动语态)
2)The visitors were shown our new products.(被动语态)
3)Our new products were shown to the visitors.(被动语态)
(2)能带复合宾语的动词改为被动语态时,原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语.例如：
1)The teacher appointed him League secretary.(主动语态)
2)He was appointed League secretary.(被动语态)
6.被动语态与系表结构的区别
(1)The novel was well written.(系表结构)
(2)The novel was written by Diskens.(被动语态)
7.少数动词的主动语态有时有被动的意思
例1：The book is selling remarkably well.
例2：The song sounds very beautiful.
能这样用的动词还有read(读起来),clean(擦起来),wash(洗起来),write(写起来).
例3：My watch needs cleaning. (= My watch needs to be cleaned).
能像need这样用的动词还有：want, require, deserve, do, owe, bind等.
例4：The meat is cooking.
例5：The book written by the professor is printing.
在英语中被动语态分时态,我给你举些例子:
(1)一般现在时:This song is often sung by children.孩子们常唱这首歌.
(2)一般过去时:This house was built in 1958.这房子建于1958年.
(3)一般将来时:Many buildings will be built in my home town.在我的家乡,许多大楼将要建成.
(4)过去将来时:The old scientist said that he would be invited to vist their country before long.那位老科学家说不久他将应邀访问他们的国家.
(5)现在进行时:The proposal is being considered now.正在考虑这个提案.
(6)过去进行时:Mr Wu was in hospital .When we went to see him,he was being operated on.吴先生住院了.我们去看他时,他正在动手术.
(7)现在完成时:Have the letters been posted ?信已经寄出去了吗?
(8)过去完成时:He came and told us that the work had been finished.他来告诉我们,工作已经完成.
(9)将来完成时:By the end of this year,the tall building will have been built.到今年年底,这幢高楼将建成.
(10)过去将来时:The boy told mother that his homework have been finished by ten o'clock.男孩告诉妈妈到10:00他将做完作业.