第1个回答 2012-08-31
代词是代替名词及起名词作用的短语或句子的词。代词根据其意思和用法可分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、相互代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词、不定代词九类。
一、人称代词、物主代词和反身代词
类别
数与人称
人称代词
物主代词
反身代词
主格
宾格
形容词性
名词性
单数
第一人称
I
me
my
mine
myself
第二人称
you
you
your
yours
yourself
第三人称
he
him
his
his
himself
she
her
her
hers
herself
it
it
its
its
itself
复数
第一人称
we
us
our
ours
ourselves
第二人称
you
you
your
yours
yourselves
第三人称
they
them
their
theirs
themselves
1） 人称代词作主语时用主格，在动词/介词后面用宾格。
例：I am a student. Between you and me.
2） 单数：中文：你我她。英文：You, she and I 例：You, she and I are from Guangzhou.
复数：中文：我们、你们和他们。英文：We，you and they
3） it作代词。例：The cat is very cute. I like it very much. It is a cold day.
［注］it可作引导词，在句子中作
形式主语或形式宾语，来代替真正的主语或宾语。
例：It（形式主语） is not easy to learn English well. （真正的主语）
I think it（形式宾语）important that you should learn English.（真正的宾语）
it 可用在强调结构中，其结构为：“It is/was + 被强调部分 +that + 句子的剩余部分”。
例：It was Mike that saw the big dog in the garden.(强调主语)
It was the big dog that Mike saw in the garden.(强调宾语)
It was in the garden that Mike saw the big dog.(强调状语)
4） 形容词性物主代词+名词。名词性物主代词=名词。
例：My pen is in the office, her pen is here.
This pen is hers, mine is in the office. Can I use yours?
5) 反身代词有“亲自”的意思。
例：I always have to do everything myself.
★当主语和宾语指同一人或物时，宾语用反身代词。Her brother is too young to look after himself.
二、指示代词
this、these、that、those、such和same。
1) this（these）后面要讲的，而that（those）前面已提到的。
例：This is what I mean: you should go at once.
His bike was broken. That’s why he was late.
2） that/those代替前面提到的单数名词/复数名词。
例：The weather in Guangzhou is better than that (=the weather) in Beijing.
The apples on the table are larger than those (=the apples) in the basket.
such常用的结构：“such + a/an + 单数可数名词”或“such + 复数名词/不可数名词”
such an idea，such beautiful flowers，such bad weather.
3） the常和same连用。例：They came on the same day. Lily and Lucy are look the same.
三、相互代词
each other 和one another.两者或以上的关系。例：The two scientists shook hands with one another. We didn’t even know each other’s names.
四、疑问代词
who、whom、whose、what、which，放句首，引导特殊疑问句。
1)作主语时，用陈述语序，单数谓语动词。
例：Who teaches your English?
2)介词+主语，只能用whom。
例：Whom did you give the letter to? To whom did you give the letter?
3) whose“谁的”可修饰指人/物。
例：Whose daughter is this little girl? Whose pencil is this?
五、连接代词
who、whom、whose、what、which起连接从句和主句的作用。
例：We really don’t know what he wanted.(我们不知道他到底要什么东西。)
We believe that was what he wanted.(我们相信那就是他想要的东西)
what=the thing（s）which 译为“所……的东西”。
六、关系代词
who、whom、that、which，引导定语从句。
1） 关系代词修饰名词或代词，被修饰的词被称为先行词。作主语时，由先行词决定谓语动词的形式。
例：The teachers who are talking with Li Ming’s parents are very friendly.
2) 用作定语whose 的先行词既可指人也可指物。
例：The girl whose handwriting is the best is our monitor.
The room whose window faces south is my brother’s.
七、 不定代词的用法:
复合不定代词意义：
somebody某人
someone
anybody 任何人
anyone
nobody 某有人
no one
everybody 每人
everyone
something 某事
anything 任何事
nothing 没有东西
everything 每一件事
1）以上不定代词 +单数谓语动词。例如：Is everyone here today??
有所有格形式，例：Anything else？
以上不定代词+形容词。例如：I have something interesting to tell you.
2） 一般说来，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句、疑问句或条件句。
★ 若希望得到肯定回答或表示请求、建议的口气，some可用于疑问句，
如Would you like some bread？
而any表示无论什么时，可以用于肯定句。例：You can come any day you like.
3） both、either和neither均可用于两者。
★区别：both指“都”；either指“任意一个”；neither指“没有一个”（全否定）。
Both sides of the street are lined with trees.
Either side of the street is lined with trees.
“Would you like tea or coffee?” “Neither，thanks.”
4） all，any和none用于三者或以上。
★ 区别：all“都” 例：We are all students.；
any“任意一个”
例：“Which of these books may I borrow? ”“Oh，any.”；
none“没有一个”（全否定）。
例：None of us are from Japanese.(none =not any)
5）
表示肯定（一点儿、几个）
表示否定（少）
后+名词
a little
little
+不可数名词
a few
few
+可数名词
例：There a little water. （有一点水） There is little water. （几乎没水了）
I have a few friends. （我有几个朋友）I have few friends.（我没有多少朋友）
6）①another表示在三者或者三者以上中的“另一个，类似的一个”；
例：I don’t like this one. Can you give me another?
the other表示“两个中的另一个人或物”，通常与one连用。one……，the other……。
例：I have two pens. One is red, the other is yellow.
②other表示“另外的人或物”。other+复数名词=others. others通常与some连用。some……，others（the other +复数名词）……。
例：People like different colors. Some like red, and others like yellow.一些人喜欢红色，另一些人喜欢黄色（并不是除了喜欢红色的人之外所有的人都喜欢黄色）。
③the other + 复数名词=the others表示“在特定范围中剩余的部分”。
例：Mary and Tom are in the classroom, and the other students have gone downstairs to the lab.
玛丽和汤姆在教室里，其他学生（除了玛丽和汤姆之外的所有学生）都下楼去实验室了。
7） Each和every后可直接接名词单数，但each（每一个、各个）同类东西的个别性，而every（每个）同类东西的共同性。
例：Each of the teachers has a computer.（每一位老师）
Every student should write a report.（所有学生）
注意：有Each of 的表达，无Every of的搭配。
希望可以帮到你！`(*∩_∩*)′！！！